The Texas Medical Association’s advocacy in support of physician autonomy helped propel a raft of legislative gains for women’s health this session, chief among them: the passage of Senate Bill 31, the Life of the Mother Act, by Sen. Bryan Hughes (R-Mineola), which now provides physicians sought-after clarity around the medical emergency exception to the state’s abortion prohibition.
Since 2022, physicians and hospitals have been navigating four different abortion statutes that contain conflicting definitions and undefined terms, which created uncertainty in how they could intervene in complex emergency pregnancy situations.
The Life of the Mother Act leaves the current Texas prohibition against elective abortion intact while offering additional clarity regarding the timing and applicability of Texas’ medical emergency exception.
SB 31 “conforms Texas abortion statutes to uniformly define the situation of when a medical emergency occurs by maintaining and clarifying protections against threats to the mother’s life and threats to her major bodily functions,” states a final Senate analysis. The bill also requires that the medical emergency exceptions described by the Act be construed as consistent with certain recent Texas Supreme Court opinions “including with respect to providing that any threat posed by a female’s pregnancy to her life or major bodily functions need not be imminent or irreversible.”
Refining those elements, a process in which TMA was heavily involved, helps to provide more clarity under the law so that “physicians don’t [feel they] have to wait until a pregnant woman is on the brink of death to intervene,” said Dallas obstetrician-gynecologist Deborah Fuller, MD, who sits on TMA’s Council on Legislation.
Other provisions of the law:
- Confirm the burden of proof in criminal prosecutions on the medical emergency exceptions rests with the state and not the physician;
- Clarify the definition of “ectopic pregnancy”; and
- Clarify
that communications between physicians, hospital administrators, and lawyers to help understand and navigate the medical emergency exception are not considered “aiding and abetting” as defined under a separate abortion statute.
The legislation also paves the way for TMA to work with the Texas Medical Board and the State Bar of Texas to develop the continuing education courses that must be created under the law to help physicians and lawyers better understand Texas’ abortion laws. Women’s health programs also saw significant budget gains this session, in particular for preventive mobile health units and for Healthy Texas Women, Healthy Texas Women Plus, and the Family Planning Program for women transitioning from Medicaid.
And new funding was added for the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board to study Texas’ OB-gyn physician workforce and to start a new grant program for family medicine postgraduate training with obstetrics training tracks – which is expected to help rural areas lacking such care and the 47% of Texas counties that are maternal care deserts.
Other legislative advancements TMA supported will enable:
- Funding for better collection of maternal and child health data;
- New grants to organizations implementing maternal health outcome programs that reduce severe obstetric complications;
- More money to improve obstetrics care at rural hospitals;
- Improved mammography reports and patient awareness under Senate Bill 1084; and
- More timely reports from the Texas Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Review Committee under House Bill 713.
Last Updated On
August 27, 2025
Originally Published On
August 27, 2025
Jessica Ridge
Reporter, Division of Communications and Marketing
(512) 370-1395